Internal combustion engine



Feb 1942. 1-. v. DILLSTRDM '7 2, 3

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 6, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 t n I Feb. 17, 1942.

T. V. DILLSTRUM INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 6, 1938 I II. I a 2d.

v5 Sheets-Shef. 2

Feb. 17, 1942.

'r. v. DILLSTROM INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed April 6, 1938 FIG-1.4

FIG. '5 20. 4%

Patented-Feb. 17, I,

To'rb jiirn' ViktorDillstromystockliolm, sweaeaassignor',- by: mesne assignmentm to Mawen Motor Corporation, NeW'York, N-.' Y.; a corporation of Delaware Application April 6, 193mm! No; 200,328 f InS vredenlipril 21,1937 i "',4 J'c1 im s. (01,123.44)

This invention relates to, internal combustion engines of the-type in which 'fuel'is'injected into the combustion chamber but which are' not fitted with valves. The invention is mainly intended for use in radial motors the cylindersofwhich rotate about the shaft ofthe engine and fuel' is injected into the combustion chamberat thefend of the compression stroke. '5

In engines with fuel injectioman agitation'of the air in relation to'the 'ets of fuel intheconibustion chamber at the time of the fuel injec drawings which" illustrate diagrammatically and by way of example various embodiments thereof,

tion; has been found useful'with-a viewto ob- :taining intimate iniXtui'e of fuel and-air? In general, a rotary movement is employedfbut even a:. turbulent one can be :used or combined,-

with vadvantage, with .the rotary movement. H

- This agitation is applied'both to engines working on the Diesel and on theOtto principle respec- .tively. In order to obtain such movement; the

air., rnust be introduced into thexcombustion ,chamber-with a certain velocity. The necessary" velocity is generally obtainediby constricting-the induction passage. However, in all cases a throttling of the air takes place, resulting in decreased air pressureand, iniicorrespondingly' impaired volumetric efficiency.;- Inmany types of engines, this reduction, -ofefliciencygis notso great as'to entail serious,inconveniences -and,

consequently, the aforesaidiarrangements have been employedin the case of? stationary, lorry or. similar heavier engines. Conditions however,

are different in the case-of; high speed engines,

particularly aircraft engines, .where thedesired result is to obtain the highestzpossible.Derf0rm-' ance at comparativelyhigh enginespeeds; For this .reason, it .isnecessary to maintain the volumetric efficiency' at the highest possible, level,

and to have the fuel thoroughly mixed'with air.

. "In the aforementioned type of internal,com-'--' bustioh engines, thejpresent invention aims at effecting a suitable movement of the combustion air in the combustion chamber and at carrying the one hand, only a minimummovement of the requisite movement entails onlyethe'slig'htstpossible. I of fueland air by means other than the heat of combustion air is requiredresulting .inftl'i at the compression is employed the inventionalso indicates'how the ignition device'or devices should be arranged.

The invention will hereinafter be more fully explained with reference to the accompanying and, in" which;

. l igJ l shows'afv ew of a motorin ac'cordang with the invent h three radially a l g cylindersy' l A j Fig. 2 shows thesame motor as in Fig;"1' .view ed along the lowerpartfof line 11;;1 ,of'Ffig 3, t e "crank case,"however, being partly uneovered, anda cylinder, an inlet-and anexhaus't passagebeing sectioned in accordance with the' upperpart ofsaidline IL-II;

Big. 3 isja-vertical section along theline-11 1+",v III'ofFig.2;"and I '1 l l 15 r s; w'sjsh w details'in a larger-scald In the drawings; like parts are deno ted like -reference characters.

arms arranged "in star formation Thefr'nain' arms '2, 11-21;" and H3, H311 aren'xed onbearing parts i wand 'l l5,fe,. g. on thehullof an aircraft. "To' the-a'rms llfandliai lll and llla; (It and |a ,*|1| aand ll9a,;a;crown l'ofon 'or severalpartsyis fixed. jfThec'rown I constitutes. what maybe' termed ayalve -poi-tho i'sin' ,-the"crownfwhich' is provided with cooling "ribs H are arranged induction passagestfor combustion-Iair andexhaust'passages 3 for exhaust, fgases', and fuel injection devices-8'. Insidefthe crown l are 'disposedthree eng'irie c ylinders i l Within? each cylinder is connected to the means of "a connecting rod [2; either directlyor bearingsdnthe'stands ill! and lilojgkKe'yed on the crankshaft M is a toothedwheel l'6 gearing, I w awith ithree'toothed 'wheels' lfl, I'm-and llbthe out the fuel injection in such a mannerthat, On

and llbare rotatably mounted on pivots l9,-ila

and :ISUfixedto thercase i5. 'Th'e movem'entof theenginepistonsias aresult of thecombustion of; the lfuel-air mixture in ,thecylinders; sets, the crank shaft Land the ltoothed;wheelsv 16,411,

to rotate. Rotatio'n'may mums thet dir ection of the arrow'lZO.

The crank shaft ,I4 is also provided with a y The motorismounted'on a stand consisting; of v I I two 'parts HI and: I] lafwhich are provided with a i or the engine.

worm ll driving a fuel pump II by means oi a worm wheel 54 on a shaft 83 of the pump. As

.ithe construction and operation of the fuel me jection pump areof no importance to the practical application of the invention, no further details of'the pump are shown on'the drawings or aflange-like portion 41) engaging correspondingj-' openings in a washer or the like to sliding inside the cylinders 4. Inside said openings is locatedt 115;

a ring serving as a packing, srThe space- 8, in,-

vantage for the "volumetrieefllciency oi "the engine. 7 I

When electric spark plugs 8 or the like are employed for igniting the charge 01 fuel and air, in the cylinder, the plugs are preferably mounted in the cylinder 1. The Iact that in such case, they are located in a movingpart of the enginedoes not lead,.to anygreater difllculty'ln supplying ithe i plugs with. the "current required for the ignition; 'A suitable arrangement of two plugs for example, is shown in the drawings.

4 Electric,v current is supplied to the plugs from a the crown I, and supporting the outer parts of side the ring 5 forms a part ofthe compressionchamber of the engine cylinder and is a connectline '2lilvia a'rotary distributing device 2| and the distributinglines 22.

tion,"the' engine illustrated is primarily'intended for-'use' in aircraft; but 'it may of course also be ing member between the actual combustion chamber and the passages 2 or 3 in the-crown. 1

Combustion air is introduced intothe cylinders 4 by the passages 2 from a common 'manii fold 2a fixed on the crown, [and provided with an inlet opening 2b. "i In accordance with "the present invention the passages 2 are so arranged that the (combustion air enters the s'pa'cei ecjcentricallyj and approximately tangentially. Either 'oneor' more inlets may-be provided Several inlets. 2. and 211 (Fig. ,6) mustfbe' fs'jojarranged that the air st'reamslhave thesarne di-' 1. rection inside the combustion chanribe'r. If one ductionpassage isflemployed as'in the engine shownjini Figs; 1 to'5-the breadth thereof should not extend over much mor e than half a diameter pLthe-space O. 'lheadvantagei by using several induction passages resides in the fact ,thatfthe .It wi l bdp' arni that: eats .mlflthe filling. of the cylinders 5 with combustion air and, a as a result thereohthe volumetric efficiency, are

g'reauy improved. In order to conduct ,thef entering combustion ainand ,obtain as nearlytangentialadmissionlas possible, guide vanes fl may beprovided as shown in Figs. 2 and 4.; ,Iwhen passages 2 or 3, respectively and thei in'jection devices-8. The speed-of rotation of thecylin- 'der star, the-strokes and speedsof the pistons ill, the operationof the fuel injection pump and :the distances between the passages ingthe crown If, and-- between the passages and l theinjection The most suitable location is;-

injector or injectors 8 for liquid'level, is intheic'rown i.

The.in jector is thus disposedin a stationary part the cylind ers 4 otate inside s tate; I ,ll l,-,l llla-their combustion chamberspass the "Ihis is the most suitable meansfl goif'spreading theffuelin the combustioncharnf Av double "movement is thus set up;;between the injected fuel and the air, as ,on the 5 Jon :hand, the air rotates in a the cylinders dursjng theinjection and,-ontheiother hand,'= the Y injector, becauseof the movement of the cylin:

gders, travels across-the combustion chambers. These "two movements cause the most complete "mixing of fuel and air in the combustion chainber and substantially reduce the requirementsas regards -tlie rotational velocity of the airY' The latter resultsin smaller losses in pressure by 'thro'ttling and, therefore, is naturally o rfada O h mounted-in a valve port housing relativelyrotatable with respect tothe cylinder, said valve port housinghavi ng an air admission tering with said cylinder port and arranged to direct, the combustion air thereinto tangentially cylinder .and 'said -fuel 2; 'Apparatus as set forth used inotherspheres of application.

; -It'will also be apparent that the invention is not limited in its application to aspirated enihesf but may also be applied to supercharged engines Having now particularly described and asceritained the nature of mywsaid invention :and in whatmannenthe-sameis to-be performed-I devclare that what I claim is:

1.;In,.aninternal combustion injection engine, a r

a cylinder having an inlet for combustion: air,

a i'uel injection device mountedwindependently .of th'e cylinder andv adapted to be'in-communication therewithfor injecting. liquid fuel in finely {divided stateinto said cylinder, means adapted to supply; liquid iuel to said injection device, :and means for obtaining iuniformity of distribu- @tion' ofasaid fuel in said' cylinderpsaid means COllfiDIiSii'lB "means .=for introducing air through 'said. inlet adapted I to .1110 therairl charge within said cylinder andmans for providing relative: movement between i said injection- 'devic'e whereby the combined actionilofsaid" movement and said ,whirling action will effect-saiduniformity'o'f distributioni-in the acylin'denof "the finely divided eliquid ifueli injected 5 thereinto by, said injection "device whilesaid' cylinder is-movin'gwithfjrespe'ct provide a whirling action tosaid injection device=and after said been'introduced'into'said cylinder. i

gi claimfl-in which the inlet ,for combustiomai f comprises; a port at the combustion chamber and ofthe cylinder, the means fori'n'troducing air: through said inlet r has comprisesf'a 'passag arranged-to direct air tangentially' into the cylinder to action of -the air 'charg'around'the longitudinal produce a whirling ex st; thec'ylinder, and in 'which said fuel inflectionhevice is locatedto" inject "the finely di'vide'd fuel generallyildngitudinally of the axis of the cylinder and transversely of the planeof ijotatiOnof-theairchargel I 3. Apparatus assetfor th in claim 1 'in which th e combiis'tiori'chamber end of the cylinder, and, in which ',said fuel injection device is the inlet'fo'r combustion air comprises aiport at passage regis- ;;:--As nientionedkat the outset of this specifica- I in the plane of relative rotation between the cylinder and the valve port housing and in a direction in said plane generally opposed to the direction of relative rotation of' the cylinder with respect to the valve port housing, whereby to create a whirling action of the air charge in the cylinder generally about the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, and said fuel injection device being located to inject the finely divided fuel generally transversely of the plane of rotation of the rotating air charge.

4. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which the inlet for combustion air comprises a port at the combustion chamber end of the cylinder, and in which said fuel injection device is mounted in a valve port housing relatively rotatable with respect to the cylinder, said valve port housing having anair admission passage arranged to direct the combustion air tangentially of the cylinder to create an air charge in the cylinder whirling generally about the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, said injection device being located to inject fuel generally.

transversely of the plane of rotation of the whirling air charge to form an explosive charge of .fuel and air in the cylinder for subsequent TORBJGRN VIKTOR DILLSTRbM. 

